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Q: Are joint sprains hereditary?

A: Joint sprains themselves are not directly hereditary, but certain factors that can contribute to a higher risk of joint sprains may have a genetic component. Here’s a closer look:

  1. Joint Laxity: Some people are born with inherently loose or hypermobile joints, known as joint laxity. This condition can increase the likelihood of joint sprains because the joints are less stable and more prone to injury. Joint laxity can be a genetic trait, so if you have a family history of joint issues, you might be more prone to experiencing similar problems.
  2. Inherited Conditions: Certain inherited conditions, such as Marfan’s syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, affect the connective tissues in the body. These conditions can lead to increased joint laxity and, consequently, a higher risk of joint sprains and other injuries. These are more rare but can be significant if present.
  3. Other Contributing Factors: Beyond genetic predispositions, other factors can also play a role in joint sprains:
    • Balance and Proprioception: Problems with balance or proprioception (the sense of joint position) can increase the risk of sprains. These issues can be due to various causes, including neurological conditions or previous injuries.
    • Muscle Imbalances and Weakness: Muscle weakness or imbalances around a joint can contribute to instability and a higher risk of sprains. Addressing these issues often requires a targeted rehabilitation program.

What You Can Do:

  • Consult a Specialist: If you suspect that you might have an underlying issue contributing to your joint sprains, it’s a good idea to consult with your primary care physician. They can refer you to specialists like a rheumatologist, orthopedic surgeon, or neurologist if necessary.
  • Physiotherapy: A physiotherapist can help assess and address factors like muscle weakness, balance issues, and proprioceptive problems. They can develop a personalized rehabilitation plan to improve joint stability and function.

Reference: Riann M. Palmieri-Smith, PhD, ATC, et al. Peroneal Activation Deficits in Persons with Functional Ankle Instability. In The American Journal of Sports Medicine. May 2009. Vol. 37. No. 5. Pp. 982-988.